The ACT measures 80km from north to south and is about 30km wide. It is landlocked within the mountainous country of south-eastern New South Wales, 300km from Sydney by road.

Canberra and its surrounding suburbs are in the north-east of the territory, while the Namadgi National Park occupies the south-western area. The population grew from 50,000 in 1960 to 300,000 today.

Black Mountain rises to 812m and is topped by the 195m-high Telecom Telecommunications Tower. Other nearby mountains include Red Hill (722m), Mt Pleasant (665m) and Mt Ainslie (840m), which is close to the city and has particularly fine views.

The ACT's climate is one of extremes: deep frosts and some snowfalls in winter, and baking heat in summer. As a result, autumn and spring are the best times to visit the capital.